In the table, hfe is specified at a collectoremitter voltage of 2v. Bc558 pnp general purpose transistors book, halfpage m3d186. In particular, you measured the amplification parameter bic ib b is also known as hfe on your digital multimeter. Transistor codes surface mount, pnp, npn, choosing. Hfe caps r1 kohm r2 kohm r1r2 empty or zero fields are ignored during the search. The product status of the devices described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. Jan 26, 2008 hfe is a transistor parameter that denotes its gain ratio. You should design a circuit with enough negative feedback so that it works when the hfe of the transistor is minimum or maximum and also works with the minimum and maximum collector current of your circuit and at the expected temperature range.
The 2n5089 transistor form the 2n series can be assumed as a direct replacement for the nte123ap transistor. Excellent hfe linearity emitter base collector s90 transistor npn to92 2. This is the current gain for a transistor expressed as an h parameter hybrid parameter. Material struct pc w vcb v vce v veb v ic a tj c ft mhz cc pf. Understanding hfe in data sheets all about circuits. The small letter h indicates it is a small signal gain. Bc datasheet, bc npn small signal transistor datasheet, buy bc transistor. Hefei xinqiao international airport, in anhui, china. Back in the day they would be published as big thick books. Some european transistors have their hfe batched in a for low, b for medium and c for high.
With our transistor inserted correctly, the hfe measurement should be within the specification of our part. I think its transistor theory so a bunch of the folks were talking about engineering and electronics and the like in our irc room and i got to talking about how engineers love smashing a whole bunch of letters and numbers together to make chip names sound ridiculous. The hfe of a transistor is always listed when it is linear with plenty of collector to emitter voltage so it is an amplifier, not a switch. In the case of hfe, this figure is the current gain of a transistor, or the ratio. But the hfe is a wide range and could be as low as 20 when its vce is 1v and its collector current is 0. Ecg123a datasheet, equivalent, cross reference search. Com is the biggest online electronic component datasheets search engine. Com datasheet search site for electronic components and semiconductors and other semiconductors. Apr 29, 2019 it means that the multimeter is marketed to home experimenters and the like, that might be using surplus or scrapped materials for projects, and so would like to find the better gain in such surplused transistors. Most projects will specify a particular transistor, but if necessary you can usually substitute an equivalent transistor from the wide range available. Bc558 is a pnp transistor hence the collector and emitter will be closed forward biased when the base pin is held at ground and will be opened reverse biased when a signal is provided to base pin.
The base current is then amplified by hfe to yield its amplified current. Hparameter model h fe, the current gain of a bipolar junction transistor. In the case of the 2n3904 this has a maximum value of 300, so in a transistor with that hfe value if you put 1ma into the base you will be able to. For electronic circuit design, selecting the right transistor will need several of the transistor parameters to match the requirements for the.
How to interpret the hfebeta in a transistor datasheet. This explains your question with the qrs part of the hfe shown in your datasheet. The hfe is normally seen to be a constant value, normally. Hefei luogang international airport, in anhui, china, now defunct. So your transistor will actually say something like, 2sc828aq, 2sc828ar or 2sc828as, being 3 variants of 2sc828a. The product status of devices described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. Collectoremitter saturation voltage, vcesat v i npn silicon transistor hfe 100 vclamp300v, vcc, unisonic technologies co. And its always 100 or always 50 and never anything else. The hfe rating of bc557 can be determined by the last letter after the number. Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design. Basic semiconductor physics, diodes, the nonlinear diode model, load line analysis, large signal diode models, offset diode model, transistors, large signal bjt model, load line analysis, small signal model and transistor amplification. The transistor current in an npn transistor is the ratio of these two currents icib.
Hfe has minimum and maximum values, though both may not be listed. Bc337 datasheet, equivalent, cross reference search. If a mica insulation is used, the thermal resistance of the mica washer must be added, which amounts to about 0. The operating characteristics of a transistor are all found on its data sheet. If the transistor is a pnp, then the arrow points to the base of the transistor, otherwise it points to the output. Device summary order code marking package packaging bd533 bd534 bd535 bd536 bd537 bd533 bd534 bd535 bd536 bd537 to220 tube. Diodes and transistors pdf 28p this note covers the following topics. This constant current provided by the q1 circuit if the transistor under test is an npn transistor and by q2 circuit if the transistor under test is a pnp transistor is fed to the base of transistor.
Its hfe ratings range from 125 to 800, making it an ideal transistor for use as a small signal amplifier in electronic circuits, such as for audio signal amplification or others. This datasheet describes a digital transistor that has an input resistor, r1, equal to 10 k and a base. Typ60ns at ic500ma 2low saturation voltage, typically. In technical terms, hfe for a transistor is the gain ratio of the collector current output divided by the base current input. Ic is the current out of the collector of the transistor and ib is the current out of the transistor base for pnp transistors. Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. Bc546b datasheet, equivalent, cross reference search.
The letter f indicates that it is a forward transfer characteristic, and the letter e indicates it is for a common emitter configuration. Specification mentioned in this publication are subject to change without. You usually find that driving a bjt into saturation causes hfe to dramatically reduce. The most important properties to look for are the maximum collector current ic and the current gain hfe. If you cant search it here, nowhere else in the world. Nxp semiconductors product data sheet npn switching transistor mmbt2222a data sheet status notes 1. Discrete semiconductors data sheet book, halfpage m3d186 bc337 npn general purpose transistor 1999 apr 15 product. This transistor is made by taking a wafer of n type germanium, mounting it on a holder and pressing indium dots into each side. When a transistor is a switch then hfe numbers are not used, the saturation voltage is listed when the base current is 110th or 120th of the collector current, even if the minimum hfe is very high. Tip120, tip121, tip122, tip125, tip126, tip127 electrical characteristics. The suffix your transistor has determines which hfe gain it will have, as concluded from the datasheet. Jun 12, 2019 suitable for applications requiring low noise and good hfe linearity, eg. The circuit is about a battery charger and it handles various voltage, i.
Electrical testing is typically done to product specification limits, guardbanded by. Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes at any time. But it is not a direct replacement so refer the datasheet to make sure it suits your design. The 2n3904 transistor has an hfe from 100 to 300 when its current is 10ma and its vce is 1v. Hfe gene, a gene that encodes the human hemochromatosis protein. Im analyzing a ciruit which contains tip31 npn transistor. What to choose hfe or beta from the plot of transistors.
You can always remember that the arrow points at the n material. The hfe on the datasheet changes in different voltages or it. Directions for determining the thermal resistance rths for cooling fins can be found on page 11. The value of this constant current can be given by the equation. Design your circuit so it still works properly when the hfe of the transistor is 20 to 300 and the collector voltage and current is whatever you need. It also shows the hfe changing with collector current and temperature.
Pillaging the wealth of information in a datasheet hackaday. Transistors are made from semiconductors such as silicon or germanium. Ecg transistor replacement guide book free 2sb337 transistor replacement guide 980510 2n339 c24850772 bc149c 2sb508 s9510. It is defined as a gain because a small signal at the base produces a much larger signal at the collector. The symbol of the transistor has an arrow on the emitter. Ecg transistor replacement guide book free datasheet. In figure 3 the transistor is being forced into heavy saturation i. The hfe is normally seen to be a constant value, normally around 10 to 500, but it may change slightly with temperature and with changes in collectortoemitter voltage. Current gain is one of the important specifications for a bipolar transistor three figures are often seen. Ecg transistor replacement guide book free datasheet, cross reference. A transistor works by feeding a current into the base of the transistor. Philips npn switching transistors,alldatasheet, datasheet, datasheet search site for electronic. Bc557 transistor introduction the world of electronic parts.
Transistor tester to test hfe and working of npn and pnp. Transistor manufacturers issue specification sheets for their transistors which are typically found on the internet, although years ago engineers used to study data books to find out the information. And9129d understanding a digital transistor datasheet. Browse cadence pspice model library cadence pspice technology offers more than 33, models covering various types of devices that are included in the pspice lite software. Figure 1 gives a labeled schematic of a digital transistor.
Highest gain npn transistor electronics forum circuits. Complementary npn pnp transistors applications general purpose linear and switching description the devices are manufactured in planar technology with base island layout and monolithic darlington configuration. The resulting transistors show exceptional high gain performance coupled with very low saturation voltage. Bear also in mind that the graph is typical and it could be slightly worse. So i started to make transistor circuits in real life. The hfe current gain on the datasheet is 25 vce 4v, ic 1a, 10 to 50 vce 4v, ic 3a. Transistor construction techniques the most common type of junction transistor is the pnp diffused alloyed type. So if you see a bipolar transistor hfe, gain, or i. Its hfe is typically 175 at 1khz when its current is 10ma and its vce is 10v. Transistor specifications explained electronics notes. Texas instruments transistor and diode databook 1st ed 1973 datasheets for diodes from 1n251 on and transistors from 2n117 on acrobat 7 pdf 34.
So i asked folks what their favorite transistor was for audio. So if 1ma is fed into the base of a transistor and it has a hfe of 100, the collector current will be 100ma every transistor has its own unique hfe. Since the distribution of heat in the transistor crystal is not uniform and depends on voltage and. Unit vcbo collectorbase voltage open emitter 2n2222. Manufacturers data sheets often specify only one or two of these parameters, and. How to choose a replacement for a bipolar transistor. Check the transistor s datasheet for the hfe value in its specifications. The datasheet for every transistor part number gives a range for hfe. The previous module was devoted to measuring the characteristics of a transistor. This is where a pnp transistor differs from a npn transistor. The pot r5 can be adjusted to get a constant current of 10ua. Transistor amplifier working principle s bharadwaj reddy august 17, 2016 september 27, 2016 a linear amplifier provides amplification of a signal without any distortion so that the output signal is an exact amplified replica of the input signal. These transistors are commonly used in place of bc547 or 2n2222 when they are not available. Need to know if the part can handle the frequency or give you the gain you need, look at the data sheet.